P-61A Black Widow
6th NFS, Saipan 1944

Die Northrop P-61 war während des 2. Weltkrieges das einzige amerikanische Flugzeug das ausschließlich als Nachtjäger entworfen wurde. Die P-61, bekannt unter dem Namen "Schwarze Witwe", war den deutschen und japanischen Kriegsflugzeugen im Nachteinsatz überlegen.

 

Die P-61 wurde von Jack Northrop entworfen und war das schwerste Flugzeug der P (Persuit=Jagd) Serie. Dieses Doppelrumpfflugzeug war speziell für den Nachtkampf konstruiert. Die beiden Motorgondeln verjüngten sich nach hinten und endeten in Seitenrudern, die durch ein enormes Höhenruder verbunden waren. Der Antrieb erfolgte über 2 Pratt und Whitney R-2800 Motoren, die eine Höchstgeschwindigkeit von über 600 km/h erlaubten.

 

Die P-61 hatte 3 Mann Besatzung und eine enorme Feuerkraft. Im rückwärtigen Drehturm waren 4 MG's, Kaliber 12,7mm, untergebracht und 4 zusätzliche 20mm Kanonen waren in unteren Rumpfstationen angebracht. Wegen Stabilitätsproblemen wurde bei einigen "A" und "B" Modellen der rückwärtige Drehturm weggelassen.

 

Die frühen Modelle waren mit dem Bugradar SGR 720A ausgerüstet, das später durch eine verbesserte SGR-720C Version ersetzt wurde, welche jedoch eine Rumpfverlängerung erforderte..

 

Sowohl der P-61A als auch der P-61B wurden mit großem Erfolge auf den europäischen und pazifischen Kriegsschauplätzen eingesetzt.

The Northrop P-61 was the only American aircraft designed exclusively as night-fighter to be produced during WWII. Known as the Black Widow, the advanced P-61 proved it­self to be more than a match for both the German and Japanese warplanes in the mid­night skies.

 

Designed by Jack Northrop, the P-61 was the heaviest aircraft to bear the P (Pursuit) designation. Being a purpose-built night-fighter, the P-61 had a unique long fuselage slung between two engine nacelles which tapered back into booms each with a verti­cal stabilizer and rudder assembly. The two booms were then connected by a single horizontal stabilizer and elevator. Two Pratt and Whitney R-2800 engines gave the air­craft a top speed of over 370 miles per hour.

 

The P-61 had a crew of three and immense firepower. Its dorsal turret housed four. 50 calibre machine guns and tour more 20mm cannons were mounted on fuselage pods in the ventral position. However, a buffeting problem lead to the deletion of the dorsal turret in some of the "A" and "B" models.

 

The nose-mounted SCR-720A radar had a good range in the airborne interception mode. The more powerful SCR-720C radar was mounted to the P-61B model which had its nose extended in order to accommodate the new radar.

 

Both P-61 A and P-61 B achieved great success in night combat in both the European and Pacific theatres of operations.

Technical data on the Northrop P-61A Black Widow

Powerplant

2 × Pratt & Whitney R-2800-10 Double Wasp 18-cylinder radial, rated at 2,000 hp (1.491 kW) each (45 first aircraft), or 2 × Pratt & Whitney R-2800-65 Double Wasp 18-cylinder radial, rated at 2250 hp (1677.35 kW) each

 

Role during war

·     Fighter-bomber

·      Night-Fighter

·     Reconnaissance Aircraft

Length

48 ft 11 inch

 

Height

14 ft 8 inch

Empty weight

20965 lb

 

Operational weight

27600 lb typical,
34200 lb max

Wing Span

66 ft 0.75 inch

 

Wing Aspect ratio

6.59

Wing Area

662.36 sq ft

 

Service ceiling

33100 ft

Maximum speed

369 mph at 20000 ft

 

Cruising speed

319 mph at 20000 ft

Initial climb rate

Climb to 15,000 ft in 7 min 36 sec

 

Range

1010 miles typical,
1900 miles max

Fuel capacity internal

550 Imp gal (660 US gal)

 

Fuel capacity external

Up to 516 Imp gal (620 US gal) in two 258 Imp gal (310 US gal) drop tanks (late production batch aircraft)

Machine guns

·       4 × 0.50 inch Browing M2 trainable in the remotely controlled power-operated dorsal barbette, 560 rounds each.

 

Cannons

·    4 × 20 mm Hispano M2 fixed forward-firing in the underside of the forward fuselage, 200 rounds each.

Bomb load

Up to 6,400 lb, carried on four underwing hardpoints, rated at 1,600 lb each (late production aircraft). General disposables load consisted of:

·      4 × 1,600, 1,000, 500, 325, 250 or 100 lb bombs

 

Torpedoes/rockets

-

Crew

2: pilot, radar operator/radio operator (late production aircraft had the same crew as the P-61B)

 

Naval or ground based

Ground

First flight (prototype)

26 May 1942

 

Operational Service

march 1944 - 1952

Manufacturer

Northrop Corporation/Northrop Aircraft Inc.

 

Number produced

742 total, 200 this version

Metric system

Length

14.91 m

 

Height

4.47 m

Empty weight

9510 kg

 

Operational weight

12519 kg typical,
15513 kg max

Wing Span

20.14 m

 

Wing Aspect ratio

6.59

Wing Area

61.53 m²

 

Service ceiling

10089 m

Maximum speed

594 km/h at 6096 m

 

Cruising speed

513 km/h at 6096 m

Initial climb rate

Climb to 4.570 m in 7 min 36 sec

 

Range

1625 km typical,
3058 km max

Fuel capacity internal

2.498 liters

 

Fuel capacity external

Up to 2.347 liters in two 1.173 liters drop tanks (late production batch aircraft)

Machine guns

·      4 × 12,7 mm Browing M2 trainable in the remotely controlled power-operated dorsal barbette, 560 rounds each.

 

Cannons

·      4 × 20 mm Hispano M2 fixed forward-firing in the underside of the forward fuselage, 200 rounds each.

Bomb load

Up to 2.903 kg, carried on four underwing hardpoints, rated at 726 kg each (late production aircraft). General disposables load consisted of:

·       4 × 726, 454, 227, 147, 113 or 45 lb bombs

 

Torpedoes/rockets

-